Writing a resume can feel confusing — especially if it’s been a while or you’re not sure what employers want. This guide answers the most common resume writing questions in plain language, so you can create a strong resume with confidence.
1. What is a resume and why do I need one?
A resume is a short document that summarises your skills, experience, education, and achievements. Employers use it to decide whether to invite you to an interview. Think of it as your “first impression” on paper.
2. What should I include on my resume?
Most resumes should include:
- Contact details: name, phone number, professional email
- Professional summary: a short intro about who you are and what you offer
- Work experience: your roles, workplaces, dates, and key achievements
- Skills: job-related hard skills and soft skills
- Education & certifications: degrees, training, and licences
Optional sections (like volunteer work, awards, or memberships) are great if they support your job goal.
3. How long should my resume be?
- 1 page: entry-level or under 10 years of experience
- 2 pages: mid-career professionals
- Up to 3 pages: senior roles or highly specialised careers
The best resume length is the shortest one that still proves you’re a strong match for the role.
4. Should I include every job I’ve ever had?
No. Focus on jobs that are recent and relevant. Usually, the last 10–15 years is enough. If you have older experience that’s important, you can summarise it briefly under an “Earlier Career” section.
5. What’s the best way to list my work experience?
Use reverse chronological order (most recent job first). For each role, include:
- Job title
- Company name
- Dates (month/year)
- 3–6 bullet points showing achievements and results
Try to show outcomes, not just duties. For example: “Reduced customer wait time by 20%.”
6. Should I include personal details like age or date of birth?
Generally, no. Personal details like age, marital status, religion, and nationality are not needed on most resumes. If you add hobbies, only include them if they are relevant or show useful skills.
7. How do I explain gaps in employment?
Employment gaps happen for many normal reasons (study, caring duties, travel, health, redundancy). You can briefly explain gaps in a cover letter, or list meaningful activities during that time (courses, volunteering, freelancing). The goal is to show you stayed active or are ready to return to work.
8. Which resume format should I use?
There are three common formats:
- Chronological: best if you have steady experience in one field
- Functional: focuses on skills (useful for career changes or big gaps)
- Hybrid: mixes skills and job history (often the best modern choice)
9. Should I put a photo on my resume?
Usually, no. In Australia and many other places, photos are not required and can create bias. Only include a photo if it’s clearly expected for your industry or region.
10. Do I need a cover letter?
Not always, but it’s strongly recommended. A cover letter helps when:
- You’re changing careers
- You want to explain a gap
- The job ad asks for one
A cover letter adds context and shows motivation, not just facts.
11. What file format should I send my resume in?
PDF is usually best because the formatting stays the same on different devices. Use Word (.docx) only if the employer requests it.
12. How often should I update my resume?
Update it every 3–6 months, even if you’re not actively job hunting. It’s easier to remember achievements while they’re fresh.
13. Should I use keywords from the job description?
Yes. Many employers use software (ATS) that scans resumes for keywords. Use important words from the job ad in your skills and experience — but keep it natural and honest.
14. Can AI help me write a resume?
AI can help with ideas, structure, and first drafts — but you should always personalise your resume. Make sure every line matches your real experience and the job you’re applying for.
15. What are common resume mistakes to avoid?
- Typos and grammar errors
- Long paragraphs (use bullet points instead)
- Too much irrelevant information
- Listing duties only, without achievements
- Using an outdated objective instead of a strong professional summary
Final tips for success
- Tailor your resume to every job application
- Focus on results and achievements, not only tasks
- Keep it clear, readable, and relevant
If you build your resume with these answers in mind, you’ll be in a much stronger position to stand out and land interviews.
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